8 Common Australian Shepherd Health Issues

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Australian Shepherds are intelligent, energetic, and loyal dogs, making them popular among active families and individuals. However, like all breeds, they are predisposed to specific health issues. Understanding these common health problems can help owners provide the best possible care for their furry companions.

I explore the most common Australian Shepherd health issues and the symptoms you need to look out for. I discover some of the costs associated with the most common Australian health problems and why it is essential to consider pet insurance for your pup. Let’s take a look.

From The Veterinarian

I spoke with Dr Rebecca MacMillan to learn more about Australian Shepherd’s health issues. As an expert, she has seen many Aussie patients over the years, and here’s what she has to say.

Australian Shepherd dogs are gaining popularity due to their intelligence, loyalty, and high energy. However, this has also led to a rise in irresponsible breeding to meet growing demand. As a result, certain health conditions are becoming more prevalent in the breed and it’s important to be aware of these.

Both hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia are common in Australian Shepherds. These are developmental diseases involving the hip and elbow joints. Affected joints don’t form properly as the puppy grows, leading to abnormal cartilage wear, inflammation, and even secondary changes to the bone. Symptoms include limping, weakness, and pain when the joint is handled. Early-onset arthritis will develop in these joints, which massively impacts the dog’s quality of life and most dogs will require medical treatment to help with their comfort levels. Dogs with severe dysplasia may even require surgery for their condition.

Collie Eye Anomaly is another inherited condition frequently found in Australian Shepherd dogs. Eye development is disrupted leading to various degrees of vision disturbance in affected animals. Some dogs may even become completely blind as they age. Owners often first notice issues if their dog struggles to see in dim lighting or if their pet has enlarged or abnormal pupils. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this condition.

Pre-mating screening tests are available for hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and hereditary eye abnormalities. While it is not guaranteed, breeding only from healthy dogs will greatly reduce the risk of puppies being affected by these conditions.

Idiopathic epilepsy occurs frequently in this breed, with seizures first starting at around 1 – 5 years of age in affected individuals. Genetic screening is not yet possible for this condition, but responsible breeders should definitely avoid mating dogs known to have epilepsy to reduce the risk of their offspring inheriting problems.

Owners should also note that in Australian Shepherds which are color-diluted or have extensive white spotting patterns; deafness is a possibility. Breeding two merle-patterned dogs seems to increase the chances of deaf puppies being produced. A good breeder will hearing test their dogs before breeding them.

– Dr Rebecca MacMillan BVetMed BSAVA PGCertSAM MRCVS, Veterinarian

8 Australian Shepherd Health Problems

Australian Shepherds are intelligent, energetic, and loyal dogs, making them popular breeds among active families and individuals. They are also beautiful and have a wide variety of coat colors, which is one of many reasons why there are so many Australian Shepherd mixed breeds.

However, like all breeds, they are predisposed to specific health issues. Thankfully, they are not predisposed to as many health issues as other dog breeds. And when you properly care for your Australian Shepherd, they’re a relatively happy and healthy breed with a long lifespan. Understanding these common health problems can help owners provide the best possible care for their furry companions.

1. Blood Disorders

Blood disorders can affect Australian Shepherds, and they are one of the most common health issues in Australian Shepherds. There are various blood disorders, with some conditions being inherited while others develop over time. Common blood disorders in the breed include Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Von Willebrand’s Disease, and Thrombocytopenia. Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) occurs when the immune system mistakenly destroys red blood cells. IMHA is a serious condition that requires prompt veterinary intervention.

Von Willebrand’s Disease is a genetic disorder that affects the blood’s ability to clot properly, leading to prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgeries. Genetic testing can identify carriers, and affected dogs may require special precautions during medical procedures. Thrombocytopenia is a condition that involves a low platelet count, which can be caused by infections, immune-mediated conditions, or other underlying health issues.

Symptoms

The symptoms of blood disorders vary, but if you notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult your vet.

• Pale gums
• Bleeding gums
• Jaundice
• Lethargy
• Rapid breathing
• Excessive/unstoppable bleeding
• Excessive bruising
• Nose bleeds

Diagnosis & Treatment

Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for managing blood disorders. Routine blood work during veterinary visits can help detect these issues before they become severe. Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder and could include life-long medication, blood transfusions, and more.

2. ACL Tear

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common orthopedic issue in Australian Shepherds, mainly due to their high energy levels and athleticism. The ACL is a critical ligament in the knee joint that helps stabilize the leg during movement. Tears often occur during activities like running, jumping, or sudden changes in direction. Preventative measures include maintaining a healthy weight, providing regular exercise to strengthen muscles, and avoiding high-impact activities that put excessive strain on the knees.

Symptoms

• Limping
• Difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg
• Swelling around the knee
• Stiffness
• Muscle atrophy
• Reduced activity

Diagnosis & Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the tear. Mild cases may be managed with rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy, while severe cases often require surgical intervention to repair or replace the damaged ligament. Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial to ensure proper healing and restore mobility.

3. Vision Disorders

The Australian Shepherd is at risk of several eye concerns, the most common being Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Cataracts. Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) is a genetic eye disorder that affects the development of the retina and other eye structures. Severity ranges from mild vision impairment to complete blindness. Genetic testing is crucial for breeders to prevent passing this condition to offspring.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited eye condition that causes gradual degeneration of the retina, eventually leading to blindness. Although there’s no cure, genetic testing can identify carriers and affected dogs can adapt well to vision loss with proper support. Cataracts cause cloudiness in the eye’s lens, leading to impaired vision or blindness. They can develop due to genetics, age, or diabetes.

Symptoms

• Poor vision in low light
• Red/swollen eyes
• Excessive blinking
• Pawing at their eyes
• Excessive tears
• Discharge
• Nervous behavior
• Startling easy
• Bumping into objects

Diagnosis & Treatment

A vet needs to examine your Aussie’s eyes to diagnose the problem. Treatment varies and could include a round of eye drops, antibiotics, or surgery. Surgery is the only treatment for restoring vision in affected dogs. Although it’s expected that a senior dog’s eyes deteriorate over time, it’s essential to get them seen because it could be causing them pain depending on the eye condition.

4. Hip & Elbow Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition in which the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the hip socket. Over time, this can lead to arthritis and mobility issues. Elbow dysplasia, similar to hip dysplasia, is a developmental joint disorder that can cause pain and lameness. Regular vet check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage these conditions.

Symptoms

• Slow to stand
• Unusual gait
• Lame legs
• Struggle to climb stairs
• Reduced activity
• Muscle wastage around the affected joints

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosing hip dysplasia typically involves a combination of physical examinations and imaging studies. A veterinarian will assess the dog’s range of motion and may take X-rays to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the severity of the condition. Early diagnosis is critical to managing the disease effectively. Treatment options depend on the severity of the dysplasia. Owners can usually manage mild cases with non-surgical methods, such as medications and physical therapy. Severe cases might require corrective surgery.

As a high-energy dog with a predisposition for joint issues, it’s worthwhile investing in a high-quality dog bed. We’ve picked the best beds for Australian Shepherds to make finding one simple. We’ve also picked the best crates for Aussies to offer them a peaceful resting spot.

5. Epilepsy

Australian Shepherds are prone to epilepsy, a neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures. Epilepsy is a brain disorder where there is no apparent cause for reoccurring seizures. Seizures can range from mild episodes, such as brief periods of unresponsiveness, to severe convulsions involving the entire body. A seizure is a surge in the brain’s electrical activity and lasts, on average, 30 to 90 seconds. Seizures commonly occur between six months and six years.

Symptoms

• Shaking
• Tremors
• Convulsions
• Spasms

Diagnosis & Treatment

While there is no cure, the condition can be managed effectively with anti-seizure medications prescribed by a vet. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan can help reduce seizure frequency and improve the dog’s quality of life. Owners should also minimize stress and provide a safe environment to prevent injuries during seizures. Your vet might suggest lifestyle changes to avoid triggers, such as flashing lights and wearing dog sunglasses.

6. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones and disrupts the body’s metabolism. It is a hereditary disease, and although it can be a serious health concern, it is relatively simple to treat once diagnosed.

Symptoms

• Dry eyes
• Ear infections
• Skin infections
• Hair loss
• Dark spots on the skin
• Getting cold easily
• Lethargy
• Unexplained weight gain
• Mental dullness
• Infertility

Diagnosis & Treatment

This condition is incurable. Fortunately, this condition is manageable with daily thyroid hormone replacement therapy prescribed by a veterinarian. Regular blood tests are essential to monitor hormone levels and adjust medication as needed, ensuring the dog remains healthy and comfortable over time. As hair loss is a symptom of Hypothyroidism, it’s essential to learn how much Australian Shepherds shed usually.

7. Cancer

Cancer is a significant health concern in Australian Shepherds, as it is in many dog breeds. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), one in two dogs over ten develop cancer. Common types of cancer in Australian Shepherds include hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, and mast cell tumors. Advances in veterinary medicine have improved outcomes for many dogs diagnosed with cancer, so early intervention is key to increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Symptoms

• Unexplained weight loss
• Lumps
• Swelling
• Wounds not healing
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Increased thirst
• Excessive coughing
• Changes in behavior
• Showing signs of discomfort
• Difficulty urinating or pooping

Diagnosis & Treatment

Regular veterinary check-ups, including physical exams and diagnostic screenings, are essential for early detection. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.

8. Multidrug Resistance Mutation

Many Australian Shepherds carry the Multidrug Resistance Mutation (MDR1) gene mutation, significantly affecting their ability to process certain medications. Drugs such as ivermectin, loperamide, and some sedatives can trigger severe and potentially life-threatening reactions, including neurological symptoms like tremors, disorientation, and seizures. Testing for the mutation is essential, especially before administering any medication. If a dog tests positive, owners and veterinarians can work together to select alternative, safer treatments and implement preventative measures to avoid accidental exposure to harmful substances.

Health Testing For Australian Shepherd Health Issues

Health testing is an essential component of responsible dog ownership and breeding, particularly for Australian Shepherds, who are predisposed to several hereditary conditions. Comprehensive health testing helps identify potential genetic issues, ensuring healthier lives for the breed’s current and future generations.

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) is a widely recognized organization that provides health screening services and maintains a public database of health certifications. Dogs that meet the health testing requirements for their breed can also receive a Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) certification. Participation in the CHIC program not only demonstrates a breeder’s commitment to health but also contributes valuable data to ongoing research.

The United States Australian Shepherd Association (USASA) is the parent club of the American Kennel Club (AKC) for the Australian Shepherd breed. Working with parent breed clubs like the USASA, they research breed-specific health issues and establish compulsory health screenings for the CHIC program.

Required Health Testing

• OFA Evaluation for Hip Dysplasia
• OFA Evaluation for Elbow Dysplasia
• Annual eye evaluation (CERF) by a Board Certified Canine Ophthalmologist registered with OFA

Optional Health Testing (Highly Recommended)

• Hereditary Cataracts (HSF4)
• Multidrug Sensitivity (MDR1)
• Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA)
• Von Willebrand’s Disease Testing

Average Costs For Australian Shepherd Health Issues

According to Fetch Pet Insurance, the top three health conditions Australian Shepherds face are blood disorders, ACL tears, and vision issues. The costs associated with these health problems in Australian Shepherds over a lifetime are:

• Blood Disorders: $10,984 to $14,300
• ACL Tear: $5,656 to $7,404
• Vision Disorders: $4,211 to $5,422

Frequently Asked Questions

We know many of our readers still have questions about Australian Shepherd health problems. If you don’t see yours below, ask us in the comments section, and we’ll find the answer.

What Are The Most Common Health Problems In Australian Shepherds?

Australian Shepherds are prone to conditions like hip dysplasia, blood disorders, anterior cruciate ligament tears, progressive retinal atrophy, epilepsy, collie eye anomaly, and autoimmune diseases. Regular health testing and early intervention can help manage these issues effectively.

How Can I Prevent Hereditary Health Issues In My Australian Shepherd?

Preventative measures include adopting from responsible breeders who perform genetic testing and health screenings on breeding dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle for your Aussie are also essential.

What Should I Do If My Australian Shepherd Shows Signs Of A Health Problem?

If your dog exhibits symptoms such as limping, vision loss, seizures, or unusual behavior, consult your veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for managing health conditions effectively.

Are Australian Shepherds At Risk For Drug Sensitivities?

Yes, many Australian Shepherds carry the MDR1 gene mutation, which affects their ability to process certain medications. Testing for the MDR1 mutation is crucial, and affected dogs should avoid specific drugs like ivermectin and loperamide.

What Tests Should My Australian Shepherd Undergo For Health Screening?

Recommended tests include hip and elbow evaluations and ophthalmologic exams. Optional tests include thyroid function tests, genetic testing for MDR1 and CEA, Cataracts, and Von Willebrand’s Disease screening. These tests can identify potential health risks early.

How Do I Keep My Australian Shepherd Healthy

To keep your Australian Shepherd healthy, provide a balanced, high-quality diet that meets their nutritional and high-energy needs. Ensure daily physical exercise and mental stimulation through fun games with the best dog toys for Australian Shepherds and different ways to exercise. Be sure to invest in a high-quality harness for your pup, too. Maintain their coat with the best brushes for Aussies. Socialize them early and engage in bonding activities to support their emotional well-being, ensuring a happy, active, and fulfilling life.

Has your pup encountered any of these Australian Shepherd health problems? Or has your Aussie encountered a health issue that is not on this list? We love to hear from our readers, so please share your stories in our comment section below.

Why Trust Canine Journal?

Emma is the mom to two sweet rescue dogs, Bonkers and Chips. As a professional dog walker, pet sitter, and writer specializing in canine content, she has cared for lots of dogs, including a few Aussies. Emma is passionate about sharing her knowledge and experiences with her readers. She works with a dedicated team to bring their readers the most up-to-date and valuable information on all things canine.