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If you have a Golden Retriever, you already know: they’d do anything for you. But are you doing everything for them?
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Golden Retrievers are famously cheerful and affectionate, yet they’re also prone to hidden health problems that can quietly chip away at their comfort, mobility, and lifespan.
If one of these lovable dogs calls your couch home, here are six health issues every Golden parent should keep on their radar.
Planning Ahead For Golden Vet Bills
Golden Retrievers are prone to several health issues, which means vet bills can pile up faster than you’d expect. From allergy treatments to hip surgeries, the costs can easily reach thousands over a dog’s lifetime.
Pet insurance helps offset those unexpected expenses so you can focus on care, not cost. Policies may cover everything from diagnostics and medications to chronic conditions common in Goldens.
Learn more about what’s covered in our Is Pet Insurance Worth It? guide, or explore the best pet insurance for Golden Retrievers to find a plan that fits your budget. You can also use the free quote form below to estimate your monthly cost.
6 Common Golden Retriever Health Issues
Overall, the Golden Retriever is considered a healthy breed; however, there are certain health problems that these lovable dogs are prone to develop. Here are six common health issues for Golden Retrievers.
1. Allergies & Skin Conditions
Golden Retrievers are known for their beautiful coats, but that fur often hides frustrating skin problems. This breed is prone to allergies that cause constant itching, redness, and irritation of the skin and ears.
Many Goldens also develop a hereditary condition called congenital ichthyosis, which causes dry, flaky skin that resembles fish scales.
Other common skin issues seen in Goldens include:
- Contact dermatitis: reactions to shampoos, cleaning products, or grass
- Demodectic mange: mites that cause patchy hair loss and irritation
- External ear infections: linked to allergies and trapped moisture
- Hot spots: painful, inflamed patches caused by excessive licking or scratching
Symptoms
You may notice your Golden trying to relieve discomfort in several ways. Common signs include:
- Persistent itching, licking, or chewing at the skin
- Hair loss or thinning patches
- Redness, scabs, or flaky areas
- Greasy or foul-smelling skin
- Head shaking or ear scratching
- Red or inflamed ears with discharge
Diagnosis & Treatment
Because many skin conditions look similar, your vet will likely start with a physical exam and may recommend allergy testing, skin scrapings, or lab work. Identifying the root cause helps prevent repeated flare-ups.
Treatment depends on the diagnosis. Allergies may respond to prescription allergy treatments, natural supplements, and limited-ingredient diets. For dogs with recurring issues, your vet might suggest allergy shots (immunotherapy).
Bacterial or yeast infections may require antibiotics or medicated shampoos. For mild irritation, topical sprays or wipes can help soothe the skin and stop the itch cycle.
Hot spots and ear infections often develop from excessive scratching and trapped moisture, so early treatment is key.
Long-term management often includes regular baths with a gentle, breed-safe shampoo, keeping the ears clean and dry, and using flea and tick prevention. Reducing exposure to allergens, such as certain foods, dust mites, or pollen, can also help prevent flare-ups.
2. Cancer
Cancer is one of the leading health concerns for Golden Retrievers. Lifetime studies suggest that up to 65% of Golden Retrievers may die from cancer.
While any dog can get cancer, Goldens are predisposed to several aggressive forms that often appear in middle age or later. Early detection and regular vet checkups are key to improving outcomes.
A few types of cancer, in particular, are cause for concern among this breed:
- Hemangiosarcoma: An aggressive cancer that originates in blood vessel cells. It often spreads silently until blood-filled tumors form in organs like the spleen or heart.
- Lymphoma A cancer that begins in the lymphocytes, the white blood cells responsible for immune defense. It can cause swollen lymph nodes and affect multiple organs.
- Mast cell tumors: These skin tumors may look like harmless lumps or rashes but can be malignant. They sometimes spread to the liver, spleen, or bone marrow.
Symptoms
Early detection is critical for any cancer. Watch for these warning signs:
- Difficulty urinating or defecating
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Lethargy or decreased energy
- Non-healing wounds
- Persistent cough
- Reduced appetite
- Skin lumps or lesions
- Unpleasant odor from the mouth
- Unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis & Treatment
If your vet suspects cancer, they may perform bloodwork, X-rays, or biopsies to identify the type and stage. The earlier cancer is caught, the more treatment options are available.
Standard treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Some cases may also respond to immunotherapy or targeted drug therapy. Your veterinarian or a veterinary oncologist will help determine the best course of action for your dog’s specific diagnosis.
Supportive care, such as diet changes, pain management, and supplements, can also improve your dog’s quality of life during treatment.
3. Eye Conditions
Golden Retrievers are prone to several eye problems, many of which are inherited. Some cause discomfort, while others can lead to partial or total blindness if left untreated.
- Cataracts A clouding of the eye’s lens that blocks light and blurs vision. Cataracts often worsen with age and can eventually cause blindness.
- Distichiasis: An inherited disease where extra eyelashes grow inside the eyelid and rub against the cornea. This constant friction leads to irritation, ulcers, and chronic eye pain.
- Glaucoma: A progressive disease caused by pressure buildup that damages the optic nerve. Glaucoma is very painful and can cause rapid vision loss if not treated quickly.
Symptoms
Pay close attention to any changes in your Golden’s eyes or behavior. Common warning signs include:
- Changes in eye appearance, color, or pupil size
- Excessive tearing or discharge
- Frequent blinking or squinting
- Rubbing or pawing at the eyes
- Signs of vision loss, such as bumping into walls or furniture
Diagnosis & Treatment
If you notice any of these symptoms, schedule a vet visit right away. Your veterinarian may perform an eye exam, measure intraocular pressure, or refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for specialized testing.
Treatment depends on the diagnosis and severity.
Mild cases of distichiasis or glaucoma may be managed with lubricating or medicated eye drops. More severe cases can require surgical correction or even eye removal to relieve pain and prevent further damage.
Cataracts cannot be reversed with medication — surgery is the only effective treatment.
Prevention & Care Tips
Regular eye exams can help detect issues before they become serious.
Breeders should screen for inherited eye diseases like cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). Keep your dog’s eyes clean and free of debris, and contact your vet right away if you notice any redness, cloudiness, or discharge.
4. Heart Problems
Heart disease is another serious health concern for Golden Retrievers. Two of the most common conditions are subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Both interfere with normal blood flow, putting extra strain on the heart and increasing the risk of heart failure.
SAS occurs when abnormal tissue forms beneath the aortic valve, partially blocking blood flow. This forces the heart to pump harder and can lead to fainting, weakness, or sudden collapse in severe cases.
DCM, on the other hand, causes the heart muscle to enlarge and weaken, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively.
Both conditions are potentially life-threatening if left untreated. Learn more about congestive heart failure in dogs and how these diseases progress.
Symptoms
Watch for subtle changes in your dog’s energy or breathing. Common signs include:
- Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing at rest
- Low energy or exercise intolerance
- Fainting or collapsing during activity
- Coughing, especially at night
- Stunted growth in puppies
Diagnosis & Treatment
If your veterinarian suspects heart disease, they may perform tests such as X-rays, an echocardiogram, or an electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate the heart’s function and structure. Early detection is key to slowing progression and managing symptoms.
Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and severity. Dogs with mild cases may respond well to medication that regulates heart rhythm or reduces fluid buildup.
More advanced disease may require multiple medications to manage symptoms. In rare cases, surgery or balloon dilation can improve blood flow in dogs with SAS.
Lifestyle adjustments—like keeping your Golden at a healthy weight and avoiding overexertion—can also help reduce stress on the heart. Regular checkups with a veterinary cardiologist are recommended for dogs diagnosed with SAS or DCM.
Supporting Your Golden’s Heart Through Weight Management
Keeping your Golden at a healthy weight can dramatically reduce the strain on their heart. If your pup needs is obese, explore our guides on how to help your dog lose weight and the best dog food for weight loss.
You can also read about how I helped my Golden Retriever, Rio, shed 30 pounds safely after his adoption in this real-life weight loss journey.
5. Hip & Elbow Dysplasia
Elbow and hip dysplasia re common orthopedic issues in Golden Retrievers. These skeletal conditions affect how the joints fit and move, leading to friction, pain, and gradual joint damage. Over time, the rubbing and grinding can cause arthritis and mobility loss.
While genetics play the biggest role, other factors — like excess weight, rapid growth, or improper exercise during puppyhood — can make symptoms worse. Balanced nutrition and regular vet checkups are key to prevention.
Symptoms
Signs of hip or elbow dysplasia can vary based on the dog’s age and the severity of the disease. Watch for:
- Decreased activity or reluctance to stand, run, jump, or climb stairs
- Limping or stiffness, especially after rest
- Grating or clicking in the joint during movement
- Limited range of motion
- Visible pain or favoring one leg
- Loss of thigh muscle mass over time
Diagnosis & Treatment
Early diagnosis can make a big difference in managing joint problems. Your vet will start with a physical exam and may recommend X-rays or additional imaging to assess the joint structure.
Treatment depends on the severity. Mild to moderate cases may respond well to lifestyle changes and supportive care, while severe dysplasia often requires surgical correction.
Before surgery, your veterinarian may recommend:
- Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling
- Exercise restriction to prevent further joint damage
- Joint supplements with glucosamine, chondroitin, or omega-3 fatty acids
- Physical therapy or hydrotherapy to build strength safely
- Weight loss to ease pressure on the joints
Pet Insurance & Hip Dysplasia Coverage
Treating hip or elbow dysplasia can cost thousands of dollars, especially if surgery is required. Pet insurance can help cover diagnostics, medications, and even major procedures. Learn more about whether pet insurance covers hip dysplasia and which plans offer the best protection for Golden Retrievers.
6. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones to regulate metabolism. This leads to a decreased metabolic rate, affecting everything from energy levels to coat quality.
According to VCA Animal Hospitals, this endocrine disease is most likely to affect middle-aged dogs (6-7 years) and may be more common in neutered males and spayed females.
Symptoms
The symptoms of hypothyroidism are far-reaching, affecting virtually every organ in the body. Common signs of hypothyroidism include:
- Cold intolerance
- Dark pigmentation of the skin
- Dry, dull, or thinning hair
- Excessive shedding or bald spots
- High blood cholesterol
- Lethargy or low energy
- Mental dullness or confusion
- Recurring skin or ear infections
- Reproductive issues
- Thickened skin
- Slow heart rate
- Weight gain or obesity
Diagnosis & Treatment
Your veterinarian will perform bloodwork to measure thyroid hormone levels and confirm a diagnosis. Because many symptoms mimic other diseases, accurate lab testing is essential before starting treatment.
If your dog is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, your vet will likely prescribe a daily synthetic hormone replacement such as levothyroxine. This medication must be given consistently for life, with follow-up blood tests to ensure hormone levels stay within a healthy range.
A healthy diet can also ensure your furry friend feels their best. Your vet may prescribe a prescription therapeutic dog food as part of your pet’s treatment. You can also consult a pet nutritionist or holistic vet in your area for a diet plan specific to your dog’s needs.
Our Personal Experience With Golden Retriever Health Issues
My Golden Retriever, Indiana, was a very sweet boy. Unfortunately, he had a few health conditions that worsened over time.
One of these was allergies that affected his skin and paws. Indiana began licking and biting at his paws, causing a secondary infection, limping, and pain. It took a few weeks of antibiotic treatment for the infection to clear up.
Once the infection was gone, it was a long process of eliminating foods and environmental factors to pinpoint the cause of the allergies. Eventually, we narrowed it down to a food allergy and gave Indiana a special diet.
Even then, he still would have some reactions to pollen and other environmental elements.
To stop him from licking his paws, we used a soothing balm, like the Natural Dog Company Skin Soother, and shoes for walking. Itchy paws due to allergies were a consistent problem we dealt with for much of Indiana’s life.
Sadly, Indiana also developed a form of hemangiosarcoma cancer in his later years and was unable to recover. It came on suddenly and was very advanced by the time we got a diagnosis, as happens often with this breed.
– Danielle DeGroot, Golden Retriever Parent, Canine Journal Research & Writing
Average Costs For Several Common Golden Retriever Health Issues
According to Fetch Pet Insurance, the three most common conditions Golden Retriever parents file claims for are blood disorders, hip dysplasia, and swallowed objects.
Associated costs for these health problems over a lifetime are as follows:
- Blood disorders: $10,300 to $14,000
- Hip dysplasia: $4,150 to $5,200
- Swallowed objects: $2,900 to $4,100
Health Testing For Golden Retriever Health Issues
When purchasing a dog from a breeder, always confirm they’ve done health testing. Reputable breeders use genetic testing to track their dogs’ health from generation to generation to minimize the likelihood of inherited health conditions.
The Golden Retriever Club of America recommends that all breeders screen their dogs for the following inherited health conditions:
- Elbow dysplasia
- Eye disease
- Heart disease
- Hip dysplasia
If you already have Golden, consider purchasing a DNA health test. These tests can give you a better understanding of your dog’s health risks so that you can create a proactive health plan. Some DNA tests even offer a vet consultation once you’ve received your pet’s results so that you can receive answers to follow-up questions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some questions our readers frequently ask about Golden Retrievers’ health. Don’t see yours? Ask us in the comments.
What Is The Life Expectancy Of A Golden Retriever?
A Golden Retriever’s life expectancy is around 10 to 12 years. Our article on the Golden Retriever lifespan covers this topic in detail.
How Do I Keep My Golden Retriever Healthy?
You can take many steps to keep your pooch in good health. I recommend that you focus on the following:
- Diet: A quality diet may delay the onset or alleviate symptoms of health conditions.
- Exercise: Make sure your pupper gets plenty of physical activity daily, whether walking, running, or playing a game of fetch. Not only does this keep your pet physically fit, but you’ll both benefit from the quality time together.
- Mental health: To reduce your dog’s stress and prevent boredom, provide opportunities for play and socialization.
- Preventative care: Vaccinations, dental cleanings, parasite prevention, and quick illness diagnosis are all part of preventative care.
Should I Get Pet Insurance For My Golden Retriever?
Yes, I encourage you to get health insurance for your Golden Retriever.
Pet insurance may cover hereditary conditions if you sign your puppy up before symptoms arise. Pet insurance does not cover pre-existing conditions, so consider this when purchasing a plan.
Dog health insurance can also cover accidents, illnesses, and dental issues. View our top picks for the best pet insurance for Golden Retrievers.
How Can I Reduce My Vet Bills?
A good diet and frequent exercise are great ways to reduce your pet’s medical bills. But in the event of an accident or illness, having a pet insurance plan is a great way to lower your vet bills. We’ve ranked the best pet insurance companies according to best coverage, best value, best for pre-existing conditions, and more.
