Tiny Dog, Big Personality: The Complete Pomeranian Owner’s Guide

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Don’t let their tiny size fool you, Pomeranians pack personalities so big, they’ll soon set the tempo of your home. But before the fluff and flair, there’s real care, attention, and commitment behind those bright eyes.

Whether you’re curious about managing that magnificent coat or ensuring your Pom’s health stays as perky as their bark, you’re in the right place. Let’s dive into everything you need to know to welcome this feisty little companion into your life

Pomeranian Origin & Breed History

The Pomeranian, more affectionately known as the Pom, might be small, but he has a huge personality. He is the smallest of the sled-pulling Spitz dog family, including the Alaskan Malamute and the Samoyed.

The term ‘Spitz’ is an umbrella term that describes dogs with fox-like faces, erect triangular-shaped ears, a thick body with a heavy coat, and a plumed tail.

The Pomeranian’s journey began in an area once known as Pomerania, which is now north-eastern Germany and western Poland. He was bred to be a miniature version of his 6,000-year-old Spitz ancestors. His closest relations are the German Spitz, the Samoyed, the Norwegian Elkhound, the Schipperke, and the American Eskimo Dog.

The Pom has always been popular, but traditionally amongst royalty, nobility, and other rich families. Famous owners have included Mozart, Isaac Newton, and Michelangelo. In 1761, when a Princess from Pomerania married an English Prince and took her beloved Poms with her.

The Pom breed came into the spotlight in 1888, when the then Queen Victoria of England fell in love with the breed, which she met on a trip to Italy. Her favorite Pom, named Marco, traveled back with her, along with a few others.

Marco appeared in numerous shows and received many awards. (Some say this was because the invigilators didn’t dare award Her Majesty’s dog second prize!) The same year, another Pom named Dick was entered into the American Kennel Club (AKC) studbook for the first time.

Pomeranian Personality & Temperament

The Pomeranian is described as the ‘little dog who thinks he can.’ This goes a long way to describe his personality. This bright-eyed pooch is always on the lookout to prove that he can do everything that everyone else can.

From being a boss at the dog park and playing with the big boys to thinking he can tell you what to do at home, he is a bossy dog in a teeny tiny body.

It is charming, but it is also something you can’t let go unchecked. Not only can it get him into a lot of trouble with other dogs, but it can also mean he becomes too dominant in the home. A Pomeranian requires an experienced dog owner or someone willing to take on the challenge of being firm during training sessions.

The Pom is energetic and can get bored quickly. Most Poms are happy to be lapdogs until the doorbell rings. There’s probably not a Pom in the world that doesn’t go crazy at the doorbell.

His inquisitive nature and role as the family protector will come into play, and his bark is loud and shrill. This is great if you are looking for a watchdog, not so great if you have noise-sensitive neighbors who will complain.

A pet peeve of his is to be left alone. Not only is he a sensitive pup deep down, but he also craves human company. For this reason, you need to be able to spend most of your day with him. An anxious Pom is a destructive Pom, and his little jaws will wreak havoc with your carpet.

Even if you just take the garbage cans out, he’ll be watching over you like a hawk.

Size, Appearance & Growth Milestones

This extrovert is a toy-sized pooch. Teeny weeny, the Pom is 6 to 7 inches short and only weighs between 3 to 7 pounds. To put it into perspective, that’s as little as two standard bags of sugar.

Because of their size, supervision around kids is a must. Poms also shouldn’t be left unattended outdoors because birds of prey have been known to snatch them up.

How Big Do Pomeranians Get?

Pomeranians are classified as a toy breed due to their petite size. However, don’t be fooled by their small stature; these little dynamos have bold personalities and big-dog confidence.

• Height: 6–7 inches tall at the shoulder
• Weight: 3–7 pounds (ideal range for adults)
• Build: Compact body with a foxy face, short back, and a plumed tail carried over the back

Note: Anything significantly smaller than 3 lbs often falls into the “teacup” category, which is not officially recognized by the AKC and may come with serious health risks. Teacup Poms are those that literally fit in a teacup. These pups are the smallest Poms of all, and they weigh less than 3 pounds. This is obscenely tiny, and it is a controversial topic in the canine world.

Some Pom litters are born with larger pups. Back in the day, just before Queen Victoria bred them, they were 20 to 30 pounds. Reputable breeders will try to stick to the breed conformation, but there are some breeders out there who breed what is known as a “Throwback Pomeranian.”

These usually weigh a minimum of 14 pounds. Throwback Poms are quite popular with families who have younger children for their better suitability and sturdiness.

Their distinct “powder puff” look comes from the thick coat and well-feathered body. Regular grooming is essential to maintain their iconic silhouette.

Growth Milestones (From Puppy to Adult)

Here’s a general timeline of how Pomeranians grow. Keep in mind that each dog may develop at its own pace.

Age	Approx. Weight	Development Notes
8 Weeks	1–2 lbs	Ready for adoption; very fragile
3 Months	2–3 lbs	Teething begins, personality emerging
6 Months	3–5 lbs	Rapid coat growth; nearing adult height
9 Months	4–6 lbs	Sexual maturity; shedding of “puppy coat”
12+ Months	4–7 lbs	Full adult size and coat texture established

Tip: Use a growth chart to monitor your Pom’s development and check for signs of under- or over-weight trends. Always consult your vet for personalized guidance.

Pomeranian Coat Types, Shedding & Color Variations

The Pomeranian has a double coat that is super fluffy, one of the dog world’s fluffiest. He has a soft, dense undercoat, but his outer layer is harsh and long. Together, the weatherproof layers work to keep his body dry and warm.

Poms should have a ruff around the neck, which looks a little like a lion’s mane and frames his foxy face. His body has the longest fur, which is much shorter around his face and legs.

A female’s coat is slightly shorter than a male’s coat. During puppyhood, his coat can look a little messy, and it is soft and cotton-like. When his adult coat grows through at about 6 months of age, it will look more uniform.

According to the breed standard, his coat should not be soft or cotton-like during adulthood. He is a moderate shedder throughout the year and sheds heavily during the shedding season. We have a whole section dedicated to his grooming needs.

When it comes to coat colors, the Pom has one of the most varied and extensive closets. He has nearly two dozen color options. Beaver, black, black and tan, blue, blue and tan, blue merle, blue sable, chocolate, chocolate and tan, cream, cream sable, orange, orange sable, red, red sable, tri-colored, white, and wolf sable are the recognized colors.

Other colors are found in the Pom breed but would not be recognized in the show ring. One of the rarest colors is the black-coated Pom.

Exercise Needs for a High-Energy Toy Breed

Pomeranians are little livewires, and flashes of color are all you might see when experiencing a major case of the zoomies. Despite being part of the toy group, he is not a typical lapdog in any way. He is one of the most energetic toy dogs, potentially the most energetic.

Thankfully, his little legs only need 30 to 45 minutes of exercise a day. And the rest of his energy can be expelled through playtime at home.

His 30 to 45 minutes every day will need to be outdoor exercise. Spending all day long cooped up inside will send this boy crazy. His curiosity needs a leg-stretch, fresh air, and new smells to keep it happy.

His little legs might not be able to keep up with a 45-minute jogging session, but he will happily play around in the park for that whole time.

The Pom will need lots of playtime, too. And if he needs it, he will either play with or without you. So, you might want to be there to make sure that he doesn’t get up to too much destructive mischief.

Poms love all kinds of toys, and love getting the ball thrown across the room for hours on end. They also enjoy playing tug-of-war. As long as there is something for him to do, he will be happy.

Ideal Living Environments for Pomeranians

If anyone is suited to apartment living, it’s this guy. He’s also suited to large homes. Just make sure that he cannot escape, because if he can, he will. He’ll also chase after birds and cats on yard patrol. And remember to keep him company when outside and keep your eyes peeled for birds of prey.

Sofas and beds are a long way up (and down!), so consider investing in doggy ramps to prevent any potential injuries.

The toy-sized Pom is best suited to homes with older children. This is because small children don’t see him as a toy dog but an actual toy to play with. Many Poms have been injured by young children who innocently mishandle, squash, or drop them.

As long as your Pom is socialized well as a puppy, he will get along well with other dogs and pets in the household.

Training a Pomeranian: Tips for Success

Pomeranians are intelligent, eager to please, and quick learners, but they also come with a stubborn streak. This combination can make training both rewarding and occasionally frustrating. The key is to keep sessions short, consistent, and fun.

Positive reinforcement works best. Use treats, praise, or toys to reward good behavior, and avoid harsh corrections. Because of their small size and high intelligence, Poms can pick up commands quickly, but they also lose interest fast, so sessions should be engaging and kept under 10 minutes.

Barking is a common issue in the breed. Early training should include teaching a “quiet” command to manage their tendency to vocalize at the slightest noise. Likewise, their bold attitude can lead to “small dog syndrome” if you don’t set clear boundaries from the beginning.

Socialization is just as important as obedience. Expose your Pom early on to different people, dogs, environments, and sounds to help reduce fear-based reactivity or overprotective behaviors. Crate training is also recommended; it offers security, helps with housetraining, and reduces anxiety when you’re away.

Health Concerns in Pomeranians

Generally, the Pomeranian is a healthy dog that enjoys an average lifespan of 12 to 16 years. This is a fantastic lifespan for a canine, but there are actions that you need to take to ensure that he gets there.

Keep him fit and healthy with exercise and stimulation, and keep up to date with health checks and vaccines. Feeding him the best nutrition you can afford is also one of the easiest ways to ensure he gets everything he needs.

5 Common Health Problems in Pomeranians

Below is a list of 5 of the most common health concerns to affect the Pomeranian breed. Your Pom pooch might suffer from just one or a few, but he also might not suffer from any. Keeping an eye on any changes in his body and behavior is important for the early detection of health problems.

Some conditions, such as heart problems, are only picked up by vets who will listen to his heart during health checks. We recommend pet insurance to help offset health care costs.

1. Patella Luxation

Also known as “slipped stifles,” this condition involves the kneecap (patella) slipping out of its normal position. Pomeranians are typically born with the condition, but symptoms often don’t appear until the dog is fully grown.

You may notice limping, intermittent lameness, or difficulty jumping. Over time, the misalignment can wear down cartilage and lead to painful arthritis.

Mild cases can often be managed with joint supplements and physical therapy, while severe cases may require surgery.

2. Eye Conditions

Pomeranians are prone to several eye problems, with cataracts and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) being the most common. Cataracts cloud the eye lens and may lead to partial or full blindness if left untreated. Dry eye occurs when tear production is insufficient, causing irritation, redness, and potential corneal damage.

Other issues include tear duct blockages and distichiasis, where extra eyelashes grow inward and irritate the eye. Regular eye checks and early veterinary treatment can preserve vision and reduce discomfort.

3. Cardiac Concerns

The most frequent heart issue in Pomeranians is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This congenital condition occurs when a fetal blood vessel near the heart fails to close after birth, causing blood to circulate abnormally. This can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and eventual heart failure.

In older Poms, chronic heart disease, including valve degeneration, is a leading cause of death. Symptoms may include coughing, fatigue, rapid breathing, and fainting. Early detection and medical management are key to extending quality of life.

Pomeranians are at increased risk for congestive heart failure, a condition where the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, causing fluid buildup in the lungs and leading to symptoms like coughing, lethargy, and labored breathing. The risk increases as they age.

4. Tracheal Collapse

Tracheal collapse happens when the rings of cartilage that support the windpipe become weak or malformed, leading to airway narrowing. It’s a common issue in toy breeds like the Pom. Symptoms include a dry, honking cough, wheezing, and labored breathing, especially during excitement or heat.

While mild cases can be managed with medication and weight control, severe cases may require surgery. To prevent added strain, always use a harness instead of a collar for leash walks.

5. Hip Disorders

Pomeranians are prone to two common hereditary hip conditions: hip dysplasia and Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD). LCPD typically develops in puppies between 5 and 12 months of age and results in the deterioration of the femoral head, causing the hip joint to collapse.

Hip dysplasia, on the other hand, occurs when the thigh bone doesn’t fit properly into the hip socket. Both conditions lead to pain, reduced mobility, and often arthritis over time.

Signs of hip problems may include limping, stiffness after rest, difficulty climbing stairs, and a “bunny hop” gait when running. Affected dogs may also lose muscle tone in their hind legs and show less interest in physical activity.

Diagnosis involves a veterinarian performing a physical exam and confirming the issue with X-rays. Treatment for LCPD typically involves surgery.

For hip dysplasia, options vary depending on severity and may include pain medication, anti-inflammatory drugs, joint supplements, physical therapy, and weight management. In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to restore mobility and reduce discomfort.

Nutrition Guide: Feeding a Healthy Pom

Pomeranians, as toy breeds, require small-sized kibble designed for their tiny mouths and fast metabolisms. Standard kibble is usually too large to chew comfortably.

Most premium dog food brands offer toy-breed-specific formulas that provide the right balance of nutrients in an easy-to-eat size.

On average, adult Pomeranians eat about ½ cup of food per day, but this amount can vary depending on your dog’s age, activity level, and body size. Teacup Poms typically require less, while Throwback Poms may need significantly more. Always adjust portions based on your Pom’s weight and energy needs, and follow the feeding guidelines on the packaging.

Your Pom’s dietary needs will shift throughout life. Puppyhood is the most nutritionally demanding stage, requiring a diet rich in protein, fat, and essential nutrients to support healthy development. Adult and senior Poms benefit from formulas designed to maintain muscle tone, joint health, and digestive efficiency.

Feeding your Pomeranian a life-stage-appropriate, high-quality diet is one of the easiest and most effective ways to support their health and longevity.

Grooming Routine: What You Need to Know

Pomeranians may look high-maintenance, but their grooming routine is surprisingly manageable with consistency. Their thick double coat needs brushing two to three times per week, though, during seasonal shedding (spring and fall), you’ll want to brush every other day to control loose hair and prevent mats.

Grooming needs can vary slightly by coat type. Standard Poms with thick, fluffy coats require more frequent brushing to prevent tangles and matting, especially around the neck and hind legs. Poms with shorter or thinner coats, while less prone to matting, still shed and benefit from regular brushing to remove dead hair and distribute natural oils.

Bathing is typically needed every 6 to 12 weeks, or whenever your Pom gets dirty. Avoid overbathing, which can dry out the skin and damage the coat. Always rinse thoroughly and dry the coat completely to avoid hotspots or infections caused by trapped moisture.

Dental hygiene is crucial for Poms due to their small, crowded mouths. Aim to brush their teeth several times per week using a dog-safe toothpaste. During grooming sessions, also check the eyes and ears for redness, irritation, or buildup that could signal an underlying issue.

Breeders & Puppy Costs

Pomeranians are a popular and in-demand breed, which means you’ll find both reputable breeders and, unfortunately, plenty of irresponsible ones. Choosing a quality breeder is essential for your dog’s health, behavior, and long-term well-being.

Expect to pay between $1,000 and $2,000 for a Pom from a responsible breeder. Puppies from champion bloodlines or rare color variations often cost more. Be cautious of unusually low prices—they may indicate puppy mills or unethical breeding practices.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) offers a searchable list of registered breeders. You can also connect with other Pom owners, visit dog shows, or check breed-specific forums for personal recommendations.

Always meet the breeder in person and ask to see the puppy’s parents and living conditions. Reputable breeders are transparent, allow home visits, and will answer your questions thoroughly. Avoid breeders who are vague, rush the process, or won’t let you meet the dogs.

Rescues & Shelters

Buying a Pom puppy isn’t for everyone. If it isn’t an option for you, why not consider rescuing one? Head out to your local shelters and speak to the staff there. Not only might it be a better option for you, but rescuing can also be much cheaper, too.

Bear in mind that Poms are popular dogs. There may well be waiting lists for Pomeranians in generic dog rescue shelters. When you get your Pom, use this guide to find the ideal name.

If your local shelters aren’t providing fruitful results, there are dedicated Pomeranian rescue organizations across the country. These guys devote their time solely to homeless Poms, and sometimes Pom mixes.

The American Pomeranian Club lists contact details for Pom rescuers in most states. And the Pomeranian Rescue lists adoptable Poms state by state. If you are open to adopting a mixed-breed Pom, you’ll likely have more luck than looking for a purebred.

Frequently Asked Questions About Pomeranians

Still curious about what it’s like to live with a Pomeranian? You’re not alone. We’ve answered some of the most frequently asked questions below to help you decide if this spunky little breed is right for you. If you don’t see your question here, feel free to drop it in the comments.

Do Pomeranians get along with other dogs?

Yes, Pomeranians can get along well with other dogs—especially when properly socialized from a young age. Because they’re naturally bold and confident, early positive experiences are important to prevent territorial or bossy behavior.

How much do Pomeranians sleep?

Adult Pomeranians typically sleep 12 to 14 hours a day, while puppies may need up to 18 hours. They’re active and playful when awake, but require plenty of rest to stay healthy and balanced.

Are Pomeranians hypoallergenic?

No, Pomeranians are not considered hypoallergenic. They have a thick double coat and shed year-round, which can trigger allergies in sensitive individuals. Regular grooming can help reduce dander, but won’t eliminate it entirely.

The Bottom Line on Living with a Pomeranian

The Pomeranian may be small in size, but they are overflowing with personality, energy, and affection. From their bold, bossy charm to their fluffy, show-stopping coat, these dogs know how to steal the spotlight and your heart.

But do not let their cuteness fool you. Raising a Pom requires time, training, and consistent care. They thrive in homes that offer companionship, structure, and a daily dose of fun. Whether you are considering a puppy or adopting a senior Pom, this breed gives back tenfold to the people who understand their unique needs.

If you are prepared for the grooming, barking, zoomies, and endless snuggles, a Pomeranian might be the perfect match for your family.

Thinking About Bringing One Home?

• Make sure you are prepared for daily grooming and exercise
• Budget for health care, training, and regular vet visits
• Consider adoption as an alternative to buying from breeders
• Be patient and consistent. Pomeranians respond best to positive reinforcement

Still unsure? Talk to breeders, rescue organizations, and current Pom owners. The more you learn, the better your experience will be.

Are You Ready for a Dog?

Before you bring a Pomeranian into your life, it’s important to consider whether you’re truly ready for the responsibility. Dogs require time, consistency, and long-term financial planning. If you’re unsure where you stand, this guide on whether you’re ready for a dog can help you evaluate your situation. You’ll also want to understand the real costs of dog ownership, from food and grooming to vet bills and emergency care.

For families, assigning age-appropriate responsibilities can help children learn how to care for a pet. Owning a dog has many emotional and physical benefits. Explore the health benefits of having a dog to see how they can improve your well-being. And once your dog is home, make sure you know how to show your dog love in ways they understand.

Share Your Pomeranian Story

Do you have a Pomeranian at home? Whether you’re raising a playful pup or enjoying life with a senior Pom, we’d love to hear from you. Share your favorite memories, training tips, or challenges in the comments below. Your experience could help other readers learn what life with a Pom is really like, and celebrate just how special this breed truly is.